7th Grade American History
St. Therese Catholic School
Mr. Bro
Instructions: Make sure you have completed all the reading, reading questions, complete the reviews watch the films and answer the film questions for Unit 1 and then you will be ready to take the exam for Unit 1. Below are all the questions and some of the notes for Unit 1. The films below will open by clicking on the link for each film. For the Hippocampus reading, copy and paste the reading link into your browser to open the reading assignment, or 1. Go to Hippocampus.org 2. Click on the US History Tab 3. Click on the US History II for AP * / under the text tab, find the reading assignment and click on it
Reconstruction – Timeline of Events – Read and answer the questions at the end of the reading.
The Ten-Percent Plan
The process of reconstructing the Union began in 1863, two years before the Confederacy formally surrendered. After major Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Abraham Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in which he outlined his Ten-Percent Plan. The plan stipulated that each secessionist state had to redraft its constitution and could reenter the Union only after 10 percent of its eligible voters pledged an oath of allegiance to the United States.
The Wade-Davis Bill and the Freedmen’s Bureau
Many Radical Republicans believed that Lincoln’s plan was too lenient: they wanted to punish the South for secession from the Union, transform southern society, and safeguard the rights of former slaves. As an alternative to the Ten-Percent Plan, Radical Republicans and their moderate Republican allies passed the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864. Under the bill, states could be readmitted to the Union only after 50 percent of voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill, however, effectively killing it by refusing to sign it before Congress went into recess. Congress did successfully create the Freedmen’s Bureau, which helped distribute food, supplies, and land to the new population of freed slaves.
Presidential Reconstruction
On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Lincoln in Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and Vice President Andrew Johnson became president. Presidential Reconstruction under Johnson readmitted the southern states using Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan and granted all southerners full pardons, including thousands of wealthy planters and former Confederate officials. Johnson also ordered the Freedmen’s Bureau to return all confiscated lands to their original owners. While Congress was in recess, Johnson approved new state constitutions for secessionist states—many written by ex-Confederate officials—and declared Reconstruction complete in December 1865.
Progressive Legislation for Blacks
Although Johnson vetoed Congress’s attempt to renew the charter of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1866, Congress was successful in overriding Johnson’s veto on its second try, and the bureau’s charter was renewed. They also passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted newly emancipated blacks the right to sue, the right to serve on juries, and several other legal rights. Although Johnson vetoed this bill as well, Congress was able to muster enough votes to override it. The Radical Republicans also passed the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, and the Fourteenth Amendment, which made freed slaves U.S. citizens.
Johnson’s “Swing Around the Circle”
Many southerners reacted violently to the passage by Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the two amendments. White supremacists in Tennessee formed the Ku Klux Klan, a secret organization meant to terrorize southern blacks and “keep them in their place.” Race riots and mass murders of former slaves occurred in Memphis and New Orleans that same year.
Johnson blamed Congress for the violence and went on what he called a “Swing Around the Circle,” touring the country to speak out against Republicans and encourage voters to elect Democrats to Congress. However, many of Johnson’s speeches were so abrasive—and even racist—that he ended up convincing more people to vote against his party in the midterm elections of 1866.
Radical Reconstruction
The Congress that convened in 1867, which was far more radical than the previous one, wasted no time executing its own plan for the Radical Reconstruction of the South. The First Reconstruction Act in 1867 divided the South into five conquered districts, each of which would be governed by the U.S. military until a new government was established. Republicans also specified that states would have to enfranchise former slaves before readmission to the Union. To enforce this order, Congress passed the Second Reconstruction Act, putting the military in charge of southern voter registration. They also passed the Fifteenth Amendment, giving all American men—including former slaves—the right to vote.
Johnson’s Impeachment
In an effort to limit Johnson’s executive powers, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867, which required the president to consult with the House and Senate before removing any congressionally appointed cabinet members. Radicals took this measure in an attempt to protect Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, a carryover from Lincoln’s cabinet and a crucial figure in military Reconstruction. When Johnson ignored the Tenure of Office Act and fired Stanton, Republicans in the House impeached him by a vote of 126–47. After a tense trial, the Senate voted to acquit the president by a margin of only one vote.
The Black Codes and Ku Klux Klan
Despite sweeping rights legislation by Radical Republicans in Congress, southern whites did everything in their power to limit the rights of their former slaves. During Presidential Reconstruction, white supremacist Congressmen passed a series of laws called the black codes, which denied blacks the right to make contracts, testify against whites, marry white women, be unemployed, and even loiter in public places. Violence by the Ku Klux Klan became so common that Congress had to pass the Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871 to authorize military protection for blacks.
Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Sharecroppers
Countless carpetbaggers (northerners who moved to the South after the war) and scalawags (white Unionists and Republicans in the South) flocked to the South during Reconstruction and exerted significant influence there. Although in many respects they achieved their goals of modernizing and Republicanizing the South, they eventually were driven out by Democratic state politicians in the mid-1870s.
Most former slaves in the South, meanwhile, became sharecroppers during the Reconstruction period, leasing plots of land from their former masters in exchange for a percentage of the crop yield. By 1880, more than 80 percent of southern blacks had become sharecroppers.
Grant’s Presidency
To the Radicals’ delight, Johnson finally left the White House in 1868, when Republican Ulysses S. Grant was elected president. Grant’s inexperience, however, proved to be a liability that ultimately ended Radical Reconstruction. Because Grant had difficulty saying no, many of his cabinet posts and appointments ended up being filled by corrupt, incompetent men who were no more than spoils-seekers.
As a result, scandal after scandal rocked Grant’s administration and damaged his reputation. In 1869, reporters uncovered a scheme by millionaires Jim Fisk and Jay Gould to corner the gold market by artificially inflating gold prices. Schuyler Colfax, vice president at the time, was forced to resign for his complicity in the Crédit Mobilier scandal in 1872. The president lost even more credibility during his second term, when his personal secretary helped embezzle millions of dollars from the U.S. Treasury as a member of the Whiskey Ring.
Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872
The discovery of new scandals split the Republican Party in 1872, as reform-minded Liberal Republicans broke from the ranks of moderates and radicals. The Liberal Republicans wanted to institute reform, downsize the federal government, and bring a swift end to Reconstruction. They nominated New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley as their party’s presidential candidate (he agreed to run on the Democratic Party’s ticket as well). Though already marred by scandal, Grant easily defeated Greeley by more than 200 electoral votes and 700,000 popular votes.
The Depression of 1873
In 1873, the postwar economic bubble in the United States finally burst. Overspeculation in the railroad industry, manufacturing, and a flood of Americans taking out bad bank loans slid the economy into the worst depression in American history. Millions lost their jobs, and unemployment climbed as high as 15 percent. Many blacks, landless whites, and immigrants from both North and South suffered greatly, demanding relief from the federal government. Republicans, refusing to give in to demands to print more paper money, instead withdrew money from the economy by passing the Resumption Act of 1875 to curb skyrocketing inflation. This power play by Republicans prompted northerners to vote Democrat in the midterm elections of 1876, effectively ending Radical Reconstruction.
Striking Down Radical Reconstruction
By the mid-1870s, Democrats had retaken the South, reseating themselves in southern legislatures by driving blacks and white Unionists away from the polls and employing violence and other unethical tactics to win state elections. Most northerners looked the other way during this period, consumed by their own economic hardships.
In the late 1870s and early 1880s, a conservative Supreme Court also struck down much of the civil rights legislation that Radical Republicans had passed. In the 1873 Slaughterhouse Cases, the Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment safeguarded a person’s rights only at a federal level, not at a state level (in rulings ten years later, the court further stipulated that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited racial discrimination only by the U.S. government, not by individuals). In 1876, the Court ruled in United States v. Cruikshank those only states and their courts—not the federal government—could prosecute Ku Klux Klan members under the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.
The Disputed Election of 1876
As the election of 1876 approached, Democrats nominated Samuel J. Tilden, a lawyer famous for busting corrupt New York City politician William “Boss” Tweed in 1871. Tilden campaigned for restoration of the Union and an end to government corruption. The Republican Party, on the other hand, chose the virtually unknown Rutherford B. Hayes. Many Northern voters, tired of Reconstruction and hoping for more federal relief because of the depression, voted Democrat. Ultimately, Tilden received 250,000 more popular votes than Hayes, and 184 of the 185 electoral votes needed to become president.
The Compromise of 1877
With the election result hanging in the balance, Congress passed the Electoral Count Act in early 1877, creating a fifteen-man commission—eight Republicans and seven Democrats—to recount disputed votes in South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida. Not surprisingly, the commission determined by an eight-to-seven vote that Republican Rutherford B. Hayes had carried all three states. Resentment and political deadlock threatened to divide the country, but both parties were able to avoid division and strike a deal with the Compromise of 1877. Democrats agreed to concede the presidency to the Republicans in exchange for the complete withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Hayes became president, withdrew the troops, and ended Reconstruction.
Reconstruction – Timeline of Events Questions
1. (t-f) The process of reconstructing the Union began in 1863, two years before the Confederacy formally surrendered.
2. What was the name of the proclamation issued by Lincoln in which he outline his Ten-Percent Plan?
3. What was the Reconstruction plan presented by Lincoln that stipulated that each secessionist state had to redraft its constitution and then could reenter the Union only after 10% of its eligible voters pledged an oath of allegiance to the United States?
4. (t-f) Many Radical Republicans believed that Reconstruction Lincoln’s plan was too lenient:
5. What was the name of the Reconstruction bill presented by the Radical Republicans that sated that states could be readmitted to the Union only after 50% of voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union?
6. What was the name of the organization that helped distribute food, supplies and land to the new population of freed slaves during Reconstruction?
7. Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln?
8. (t-f) Johnson readmitted the southern states using Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan and granted all southerners full pardons, including thousands of wealthy planters and former Confederate officials.
9. (t-f) Andrew Johnson called Reconstruction completed in December 1865.
10. What act passed in 1866 granted newly emancipated blacks to right to sue, the right to serve on juries and gave several other legal rights?
11. What Reconstruction amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery?
12. What was the name of white supremacist terrorist organization formed in 1866 that was meant to terrorize southern blacks and “keep them in their place”?
13. What was the name of the Radical Reconstruction plan passed in 1867 that divided the South into five conquered districts, each would be governed by the U.S. military and stated that southern states would have to enfranchise former slaves before readmission to the Union?
14. What was the name of the Radical Reconstruction plan passed in 1867 that put the military in charge of southern voter registration?
15. What amendment gave former male slaves the right to vote?
16. What act required the President to consult with the House and Senate before removing any congressionally appointed cabinet members?
17. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was impeached for not obeying the Tenure of Office Act. (
18. A former slave that leased plots of land from their former masters in exchange for a percentage of the crop were called ___.
19. (t-f) By the mid-1870s, Democrats had retaken the South, reseating themselves in southern legislatures by driving blacks and white Unionists away from the polls and employing violence and other unethical tactics to win state elections.
20. (t-f) Democrats agreed to concede the presidency to the Republicans in 1877 in exchange for the complete withdrawal of federal troops from the South and to bring an end to Reconstruction.
Abraham Lincoln Film Questions
Abraham Lincoln Film Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUmAQWBddg4
Abraham Lincoln Film Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rgFAB5f3C4
1. (t-f) Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union.
2. (t-f) Lincoln suffered from bouts of sadness and depression
3. What two nicknames did Abraham Lincoln have?
4. (t-f) Lincoln was not a good politician.
5. Who said, “If I could save the Union by not freeing a single slave I would do it.”
6. Where and when did the Civil War begin?
7. Who was the Union commander at Fort Sumter?
8. (t-f) Abraham Lincoln’s Presidency was defined by the Civil War.
9. (t-f) Lincoln made Thanksgiving a national holiday.
10. Who was the Union General who issued an emancipation that would free the slaves?
11. What killed Lincoln’s eleven year old son?
12. What Union victory occurred in April of 1862?
13. What was the name of the document that freed slaves that was issued by Lincoln?
14. Who was the Southern leader at Gettysburg?
15. How long did the Battle of Gettysburg last?
16. Who said, “Government of the people, by the people and for the people.”
17. Who won the presidential election of 1864?
18. How many presidents did not attend college?
19. Who was the Union General who marched through Georgia destroying everything in his path in 1864?
20. Who said, “Malice toward none and charity for all.”
21. Who called upon the nation to heal itself and gave favorable surrender terms to the South?
22. Who assassinated Lincoln on April 14, 1865?
Andrew Johnson Film Questions
Andrew Johnson Film Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxhiH-h7vrw
Andrew Johnson Film Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b3xqCdcKFA
1. When was Abraham Lincoln assassinated?
2. (t-f) Secretary of State Seward was stabbed on the day that Lincoln was assassinated.
3. Who assassinated Lincoln?
4. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was given tickets to Ford’s Theatre to see the play along with Lincoln.
5. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was supposed to have been assassinated along with Lincoln.
6. (t-f) The man assigned to assassinate Andrew Johnson lost his nerve and never carried out his orders.
7. Who was the first president to gain the presidency because of an assassin’s bullet?
8. How old was Andrew Johnson when he became president?
9. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was a republican from the North.
10. (t-f) At one time in his life, Andrew Johnson owned slaves.
11. (t-f) Johnson was regarded as stubborn and ambitious.
12. (t-f) Andrew Johnson came from a very wealthy family.
13. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was a good listener and had many friends.
14. (t-f) Andrew Johnson graduated from Harvard University.
15. (t-f) Andrew Johnson believed he was the voice of the common white man.
16. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was probably the most racist president we ever had.
17. (t-f) When Andrew Jackson took the oath of the presidency, the Civil War would last two more years.
18. (t-f) Senators Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner were radical congressmen who wanted the South to be punished for the Civil War.
19. (t-f) Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, the freed slaves were not given citizenship or the right to vote.
20. (t-f) The Civil War changed the nation.
21. (t-f) Andrew Johnson supported the Freedmen’s Bureau.
22. How many times did Andrew Johnson use the power of the veto?
23. How many times did Congress override President Johnson’s veto?
24. (t-f) The Tenure of Office Act was not passed by Congress.
25. (t-f) Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act.
26. (t-f) Andrew Johnson was impeached.
27. Where did Andrew Johnson’s trial of impeachment take place?
28. (t-f) Tickets to the trial of Andrew Johnson were like tickets to the Super Bowl…everyone wanted them.
29. Besides Andrew Johnson, who was the only other president to be impeached?
30. By how many votes did Johnson avoid being kicked out of office by?
31. Who was the only former president to be elected to the United States Senate?
32. (t-f) Andrew Johnson did not attend a single day of school during his lifetime.
Film: The Civil War & Reconstruction
Civil War & Reconstruction Film Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Zff93zWNa4
Film Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns6AtuWjK70&feature=related
Film Vocabulary: Vocabulary words appear in the order they are presented in the video.
1. yeoman- A person who owns and cultivates a small farm.
2. eminent domain- The right of a government to take private land for public use.
3. emancipation- Liberation; setting free.
4. impeachment- A formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a public official.
Film Questions
1. What was the significance of the Homestead Act of 1862?
2. When and where was the first transcontinental railroad completed?
3. What was the impact of the Morrill Act?
4. What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
5. What was Lincoln’s original position on the Civil War?
6. What was the purpose in the Gettysburg Address?
7. What was the impact of the 13th Amendment?
8. Why did Congress create the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865?
9. How did President Andrew Johnson’s attitude toward Reconstruction differ from Lincoln’s?
10. How did Congress respond to Johnson’s veto of the Freedmen’s Bureau Act?
11. What was the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
12. What was the impact of the 14th Amendment
13. What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
14. Why did Congress pass the Tenure of Office Act?
15. How did Congress react to Johnson’s removal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton?
16. What was the impact of the 15th Amendment?
President Grant Film Questions
Grant Film Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZ9_uuN7SdU
Grant Film Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VPyRRV5axg&feature=related
1. (t-f) Ulysses Grant was the most photographed person in the United States.
2. Who was the most popular man in the North in 1868?
3. Who was the 18th president of the United States?
4. What was Grant’s middle name?
5. How old was Grant when he became president?
6. (t-f) At the time, Grant was the youngest man ever to be elected president.
7. Who was the first president to be a graduate of West Point?
8. Who did most of the former slaves in the South vote for during the 1868 presidential election?
9. (t-f) President Grant was humble and shy.
10. (t-f) President Grant was a good artist.
11. How many cigars did Grant smoke a day?
12. (t-f) President Grant once got a $20.00 ticket for driving his horse and buggy too fast.
13. What was Grant’s campaign slogan?
14. (t-f) Grant supported the Ku Klux Klan.
15. (t-f) Grant was not re-elected in 1872 due to the scandals that occurred during his presidency.
16. What happened in 1873 that hurt Grant’s presidency?
17. Who was the famous General who was killed by the Indians on the banks of the Little Bighorn River during Grant’s second term?
18. (t-f) President Grant is remembered for his failures as president rather than his successes.
The West / The Last Days of the Indian Wars Reading – Read the following article and then answer the questions at the end of the reading.
Navajo
In 1848 the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe de Hidalgo. This
territory now became part of the United States. The Navajos were opposed to this move and began
made attacks on American settlers. 1863 Kit Carson was ordered to confine the Navajo to the Bosque
Redondo Reservation in New Mexico. The Navajos resisted this move and Carson responded by killing
their cattle and destroying their crops. Starved into submission 8,000 members of the tribe were
eventually placed on the reservation.
Red Cloud and the Oglala Sioux
In June 1866, Red Cloud, chief of the Oglala Sioux, began negotiating with the army based at Fort
Laramie about the decision to allow emigrants to settle on the last of the great Sioux hunting grounds.
When he was unable to reach agreement with the army negotiators he resorted to sending out war
parties that attacked and army patrols. These hit and run tactics were difficult for the army to deal with
and be the time they arrived on the scene of the attack the war parties had disappeared.
On 21st December, 1866, Captain W. J. Fetterman and an army column of 80 men were involved in
protecting a team taking wood to Fort Phil Kearny. Although under orders not to "engage or pursue
Indians" Fetterman gave the orders to attack a group of Sioux warriors. The warriors ran away and
drew the soldiers into a clearing surrounded by a much larger force. All the soldiers were killed in what
became known as the Fetterman Massacre. Later that day the stripped and mutilated bodies of the
soldiers were found by a patrol led by Captain Ten Eyck. Red Cloud and his men continued to attack
soldiers trying to protect the Bozeman Trail. On 2nd August, 1867, several thousand Sioux and Cheyenne
attacked a wood-cutting party led by Captain James W. Powell. The soldiers had recently been issued
with Springfield rifles and this enabled them to inflict heavy casualties on the warriors. After a battle
that lasted four and a half hours, the Native Americans withdrew. Six soldiers died during the fighting
and Powell claimed that his men had killed about 60 warriors. Despite this victory the army was unable
to successfully protect the Bozeman Trail and on 4th November, 1868, Red Cloud and 125 chiefs were
invited to Fort Laramie to discuss the conflict. As a result of these negotiations the American
government withdrew the garrisons protecting the emigrants travelling along the trail to Montana. Red
Cloud and his warriors then burnt down the forts.
Santana and the Modoc Tribe
In 1871 Satanta led several attacks on wagon trains in Texas. He was arrested at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and
at his trail he warned what might happen if he was hanged: “I am a great chief among my people.
If you kill me, it will be like a spark on the prairie. It will make a big fire - a terrible fire!" Satanta was
found guilty of murder and sentenced to death, but Edmund Davis, the Governor of Texas, decided to
overrule the court and the punishment was changed to life imprisonment.
The next Indian War involved the Modoc tribe. In 1872 Kintpuash and a group of Modocs began to leave
the government's Klamath Reservation in Oregon and returned to their original land in California. This
party included about 70 warriors. On 29th November, 1872, fighting broke out between troops and the
Modocs. One soldier and eight Modocs were killed during the fighting. Over the next few weeks
fourteen settlers in California were killed by war parties. During negotiations on 11th April, 1873, a
group of warriors killed peace commissioner Brigadier General Edward Canby. This was followed on the
26th April by four officers and eighteen men were killed at the battle of Stronghold. However, the
Modocs were outnumbered and on 1st June, 1873 Kintpuash and his warriors surrendered to the army.
Kintpuash, Schonchin John, Boston Charley and Black Kim were executed for the murder of Edward
Canby on 3rd October, 1873. Satanta was released in 1873 and was soon back attacking buffalo hunters
and led the raid on Adobe Walls. He was captured in October, 1874. Unwilling to spend the rest of his
life in prison, Satanta killed himself on 11th October, 1878, by diving headlong from a high window of
the prison hospital.
Comanche and Kiowa war
In 1874 Comanche and Kiowa war parties began attacking settlers in Texas. At first these hit and run
tactics were difficult for the army to deal with and be the time they arrived on the scene of the attack
the war parties had disappeared. Over 3,000 troops were brought into Texas from neighboring states to
deal with this problem. Colonel Ranad Mackenzie eventually discovered the winter camp of the Native
Americans who had been carrying out raids on the settlers. In September 1874 Mackenzie launched a
dawn attack on the camp in Palo Duro Canyon and destroyed the village, stole their supplies and took
away their horses. That winter, unable to survive by hunting, the warriors were forced to surrender to
the authorities.
Sioux
In December, 1875 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs directed all Sioux bands to enter reservations by
the end of January 1876. Sitting Bull, now a medicine man and spiritual leader of his people, refused
to leave his hunting grounds. Crazy Horse agreed and led his warriors north to join up with Sitting Bull. In
June 1876 Sitting Bull subjected himself to a sun dance. This ritual included fasting and self-torture.
During the sun dance Sitting Bull saw a vision of a large number of white soldiers falling from the sky
upside down. As a result of this vision he predicted that his people were about to enjoy a great victory.
On 17th June 1876, General George Crook and about 1,000 troops, supported by 300 Crow and
Shoshone, fought against 1,500 members of the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes. The battle at Rosebud Creek
lasted for over six hours. This was the first time that Native Americans had united together to fight in
such large numbers. General George A. Custer and 655 men were sent out to locate the villages of the
Sioux and Cheyenne involved in the battle at Rosebud Creek. An encampment was discovered on the
25th June. It was estimated that it contained about 10,000 men, women and children. Custer assumed
the numbers were much less than that and instead of waiting for the main army under General Alfred
Terry to arrive, he decided to attack the encampment straight away. Custer divided his men into three
groups. Captain Frederick Benteen was ordered to explore a range of hills five miles from the village.
Major Marcus Reno was to attack the encampment from the upper end whereas Custer decided to
strike further downstream. Reno soon discovered he was outnumbered and retreated to the river. He
was later joined by Benteen and his men. Custer continued his attack but was easily defeated by about
4,000 warriors. At the battle of the Little Bighorn Custer and all his 264 men were killed. The soldiers
under Reno and Benteen were also attacked and 47 of them were killed before they were rescued by
the arrival of General Alfred Terry and his army. It was claimed afterwards that Custer had been killed by
his old enemy, Rain in the Face. However, there is no hard evidence to suggest that this is true. The U.S.
army now responded by increasing the number of the soldiers in the area. As a result Sitting Bull and his
men fled to Canada, whereas Crazy Horse and his followers surrendered to General George
Crook at the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. Crazy Horse was later killed while being held in custody at
Fort Robinson.
Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce
In 1877 General Otis Howard instructed Chief Joseph and the Nez Percé tribe to move from their tribal
lands in Oregon. Joseph eventually agreed to leave the Wallowa Valley and along with 350 followers
settled in Whitebird Creek in Idaho. Around 190 young men rebelled against this decision and attacked
white settlers in what became known as the Nez Perce War. Joseph's brother, Sousouquee, was killed
during this fighting. Although he had no experience as a warrior, Joseph took part in the battles at White
Bird Canyon (17th June), Clearwater (11th July) and at Bear Paw Mountain (30th September). Chief
Joseph and his men began a 1,300 mile march to Canada. However, on 5th October, 1877, the Nez
Percé were surrounded by troops only 30 miles from the Canadian border. Joseph now agreed to take
part in negotiations with General Nelson Miles. During the meeting Joseph was seized and beaten-up.
Nez Perce warriors retaliated by capturing Lieutenant Lovell Jerome. A few weeks later Joseph was
released in exchange for Lieutenant Jerome.Chief Joseph continued to negotiate with General Miles. He
also visited Washington where he met President William McKinley and President Theodore Roosevelt.
Eventually some members of the Nez Percé tribe were allowed to return home but others were forced
to live on the Colville Reservation. Joseph remained with them and did what he could to encourage his
people to go to school and to discourage gambling and drunkenness.
The Ute Tribe
The Ute tribe also refused to give up their lands in the foothills and valleys of the Rocky Mountains of
Colorado. In 1878 Nathan Meeker became the agent of the White River Agency. He upset the Ute’s by
trying to force them to become farmers. In September, 1879, Meeker called in the army to deal with the
Ute’s. When he heard what was happening, Chief Douglas and a group of warriors killed Meeker and
seven other members of the agency. This became known as the Meeker Massacre. The Ute’s also
attacked Major Thomas Thornburgh and his troops heading for the White River Agency. In the fighting
Thornburgh and nine of his men were killed. After the arrival of reinforcements the Ute’s were evicted
from Colorado and placed in a reservation in Utah.
Cochise
On 27th January, 1861, Apaches stole cattle and kidnapped a boy from a Sonoita Valley ranch. Second
Lieutenant George Bascom was sent out with 54 soldiers to recover the boy. Cochise met Bascom and
told him that he would try to recover the boy. Bascom rejected the offer and instead tried to take
Cochise hostage. When he tried to flee he was shot at by the soldiers. The wounded Cochise now gave
orders for the execution of four white men being held in captivity. In retaliation six Apaches were
hanged. Open warfare now broke out and during the next 60 days 150 white people were killed and five
stage stations destroyed. Mangas Coloradas and Cochise killed five people during an attack on a stage
at Stein's Peak, New Mexico. In July, 1861 a war party murdered six white people travelling on a stage
coach at Cooke’s Canyon. The following year Cochise ambushed soldiers as they travelled through the
Apache Pass. The Apaches also attacked stagecoaches and in 1869 killed a Texas cowboy and stole 250
cattle. Cochise and his men were pursued but after a fight near Fort Bowie the soldiers were forced to
retreat.
Battle of Adobe Walls
The Battle of Adobe Walls took place on 27th June 1874 when a combined force of Cheyenne, Kiowa
and Comanche warriors led by Quanah and Satanta. The defenders of the fort, including Bat Masterson,
were well armed and were able to hold off the warriors. After suffering heavy casualties the warriors
abandoned the attack. Three hunters were killed in the battle. Satanta was captured in October, 1874.
Unwilling to spend the rest of his life in prison, Satanta killed himself on 11th October, 1878, by diving
headlong from a high window of the prison hospital.
Geronomio
The final resistance to white settlement in America was led by Geronimo, the leader of the Chiricahua
Apaches in Arizona. In 1876 the American government ordered the Chiricahuas from their mountain
homeland to the San Carlos Reservation. Geronimo refused to go and over the next few years he led a
small band of warriors that raided settlements in Arizona. Geronimo also attacked American troops in
the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona, on 9th January, 1877. This was followed by a rare defeat in the
Leitendorf Mountains. Geronimo was captured when entering the Ojo Caliente Reservation in New
Mexico. Geronimo was eventually released and by April 1878 he was leading war parties in Mexico. The
following year Geronimo surrendered and settled on the San Carlos Reservation. On 21st August, 1879,
Victorio took his people to the Black Range Mountains. He fought off an attempt to arrest him by Major
Albert Morrow. He then moved east and ambushed Mexican militia killing around 30 men. With the help
of Apache scouts the army traced him in the Black Mountains. However, he once again escaped and by
August 1880 was launching further attacks in West Texas. On 15th October, 1880, Lieutenant Colonel
Joaquin Terrazas finally ambushed Victorio and his men in the Tres Castillos Mountains in
Chihuahua. Victorio and 77 other Apaches were killed in the fighting. In 1881 Juh and Geronimo and
their people left the reservation and headed for the Sierra Madre. In 1882 they carried out their most
ambitious raid of all when they attacked San Carlos. After the death of Juh, Geronimo became the leader
of the Apache warriors. He continued to carry out raids until he took part in peace talks with General
George Crook. Crook was criticized for the way he was dealing with the situation and as a result he
asked to be relieved of his command. General Nelson Miles replaced Crook and attempted to defeat
Geronimo by military means. This strategy was also unsuccessful and eventually he resorting to Crook's
strategy of offering a negotiated deal. In September 1886 Geronimo signed a peace treaty with Miles
and the last of the Indian Wars was over.
Massacre at Wounded Knee - The last Conflict
On the morning of December 29, 1890, the Sioux chief Big Foot and approximately 350 members of his
tribe camped on the banks of Wounded Knee creek. A force of U.S. troops, energized by the notion of
arresting Big Foot and neutralizing his warriors, anxiously surrounded the camp. The air was thick with
the tension and pressure that had been brewing for several months. The once prideful Sioux had finally
come to terms with the fact that their nomadic lifestyle was no longer feasible, that their main source of
food, the buffalo, was gone, and that they seemed destined to live out their lives confined to
reservations dependent on Indian Agents for their existence.
In a frantic attempt to return to their glory days, many Sioux sought deliverance in a new mysticism
preached by a Paiute shaman called Wovoka. Emissaries from the Sioux in South Dakota traveled to
Nevada to listen to his message. Wovoka called himself the Messiah and prophesied that the dead
would “soon join the living in a world in which the Indians could live in the old way surrounded by
plentiful game. A tidal wave of new soil would cover the earth, bury the whites, and restore the prairie.”
To accelerate the incident, the Indians were instructed to dance the Ghost Dance. Many dancers were
dressed in vibrantly colored shirts decorated with images of eagles and buffaloes. The Indians believed
that these "Ghost Shirts" would protect them from the bluecoats' bullets. During the fall of 1890, the
Ghost Dance spread through the Sioux villages of the Dakota reservations, revitalizing the Indians and
disseminating panic throughout the white community.
A desperate Indian Agent at Pine Ridge sent a telegram to his superiors in Washington, describing the
dancing as dangerous and threatening. Hence the order was dispatched to arrest Chief Sitting Bull at the
Standing Rock Reservation. Sitting Bull was killed in the attempt on December 15. Chief Big Foot was
next in line.
When Big Foot received word of Sitting Bull's death, he guided his people south to seek protection at
the Pine Ridge Reservation. He led his band toward Pine Ridge, however, he became ill from pneumonia
during the trip and was forced to travel in the back of a wagon. The army intercepted the band on
December 28 and brought them to the edge of the Wounded Knee to camp. Upon approaching
Porcupine Creek, the band saw four troops of cavalry approaching. A white flag was instantly run up
over Big Foot's wagon. General Nelson Miles, commander of the Military Department of the Missouri,
was in charge of the army in this area, and therefore could be considered the most important single
non-Indian source of information on Wounded Knee.
When the soldiers and the Indians finally met up, Big Foot arose from his sick bed to greet Major Samuel
Whitside of the Seventh Cavalry. His blankets were stained with crimson and blood dripped from his
nose as he spoke.
Whitside informed Big Foot of his orders to take the band to their camp on Wounded Knee Creek. Big
Foot responded that they were headed that way, to Pine Ridge. The major wanted to disarm the Indians
immediately, but was talked out of it by his scout John Shangreau, in order to prevent instigating a fight
right then and there. Thus they agreed to wait until they reached camp. Then, in a moment of sympathy,
the major ordered his army ambulance to transport the ill Minneconjou chief, and provide him with a
warmer and more comfortable ride. They then proceeded toward the camp at Wounded Knee Creek,
led by two cavalry troops with the other two troops bringing up the rear. They arrived at their
destination on the cusp of twilight.
A single shot fueled the already charged atmosphere into a full-fledged eruption within a matter of
seconds. Indian braves rushed to retrieve their weapons as troopers fired aimlessly into the Sioux camp.
Clouds of gun smoke permeated the air as men, women and children scrambled desperately to save
their own lives and the lives of their loved ones.
When the smoke cleared and the gunfire finally ceased, approximately 300 Sioux were dead, including
the targeted victim, Big Foot. Twenty-five American soldiers were also found dead and 39 more were
wounded, most by their own shrapnel and bullets.
As the remaining troopers began the chore of getting rid of the corpses, a blizzard swept in from the
North. A few days later they returned to complete the job. Scattered fighting continued, but the
massacre at Wounded Knee effectively stifled the Ghost Dance movement and ended the Indian Wars.
The Massacre of Wounded Knee became a wakeup call for the nation, regarding the lies and deceit of
the U.S. Government towards Native Americans. The more land that was promised, the more it was
taken away due to what appeared to be the arbitrary whims of Congress. The mass graves at Wounded
Knee became a symbol to the Indians never to forget and never to trust the white man again.
The last Days of the Indian Wars Reading Questions
Navajo
1. Who was the man who was ordered to confine the Navajo to the Bosque Redondo Reservation in New Mexico in 1863? / How did the Navajo respond?
2. How many Navajos were starved by the killing of their cattle and destroying their crops and placed on the reservation?
Red Cloud and the Oglala Sioux
1. Who was the chief of the Oglala Sioux in 1866?
2. How many U.S. soldiers were killed in the Fetterman Massacre?
3. What was weapon used by the U.S. Army on August 2, 1867 against the Oglala Sioux enabled them to inflict heavy casualties on the Indian warriors?
4. (t-f) The United States Army was able to protect white settlers on the Bozeman Trail during the 1860’s.
5. What did the Oglala Sioux do to the forts along the trail to Montana after the U.S. Army left?
Santana and the Modoc Tribe
1. Who was the Indian leader in Texas who led several attacks on wagon trains in 1871?
2. Who said at his trial, “If you kill me, it will be like a spark on the prairie. It will make a big fire – a terrible fire!”
3. Who was the Modac warrior who was executed along with his warriors for the murder of Edward Canby on October 3, 18734?
4. Who was the Native American who killed himself by diving headlong from a high window of a prison hospital because he was unwilling to spend the rest of his life in prison?
Comanche and Kiowa War
1. Who was the U.S. Army leader who launched a dawn attack on Comanche and Kiowa Indians at dawn in Palo Duro Canyon and destroyed the village, stole their supplies and took away their horses?
Sioux
1. Who was a medicine man and spiritual leader of the Sioux who refused to leave his hunting grounds to go to a reservation?
2. What was the name of the Indian dance that included fasting and self-torture that gave the Indians hope and strength to fight against the whites?
3. In what six hour battle did the Native Americans unite together to fight a large number of U.S. soldiers?
4. What famous battle took place on Jun 25, 1876?
5. How many U.S. soldiers died at the Battle of Little Big Horn?
Hippocampus.org / Indian Resistance Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=43&topic=2&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Indian%20Resistance&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. (t-f) The battle to acquire U.S. territories from Indians was predominantly fought by Civil War veterans, including a significant number of black men who were assigned to a fighting group called the Buffalo Regiment.
2. What massacre that occurred in 1864 in Colorado did Colonel Chivington ordered his troops to slaughter the Indian men, women, and children to flaunt their dominance over the natives?
3. Who was the Sioux Chief who was the leader of the Sioux who had been relocated to the Black Hills of the Dakota?
4. What was the name of the two hour battle where George Custer along with 264 men was killed by the Sioux on June 25, 1876?
5. Who was the leader of the Nez Perce tribe who waged a war against the United States government in an attempt to keep their land?
6. Who was the Apache warrior who established a base in the Rocky Mountains, where he fought a nine-year guerilla war against U.S. troops?
7. Who was the Native American who dreamed i that Indians could hasten the rescue by performing a “Ghost Dance” on the eve of each New Moon?
8. What famous Indian Massacre occurred December 29, 1890 in South Dakota?
Hippocampus.org / Effects of the Indian Wars
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=43&topic=3&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Effects%20of%20the%20Indian%20Wars&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. Who wrote the book “A Century of Dishonor,” in 1881 which described the cruelty inflicted on the natives during the Indian Wars?
2. (t-f) Once the reservation system was established, the U.S. Government played a major role in their day-to-day management and provided millions of dollars to support improving poor conditions.
3. What did the government encourage whites to do make it easier to fight against Native Americans.?
4. How many Buffalo were in the United States prior to the Indian Wars?
5. How many buffalo were left by 1885?
6. (t-f) The Indian Wars helped solidify the railroad as a necessary transportation source.
7. What act gave the president authority to divide tribal lands and award 160 acres to each family head and lesser amounts to other tribe members and in addition, the government would hold the property in trust for 25 years, and at the end of that time the Indians would be granted ownership of the land and United States’ citizenship?
Film Questions: The Native Americans of the Great Plains
Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQaF8MY0-TM
Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igu5zym_hBo&feature=related
Part 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfpKCcXpIJE&feature=related
Part 4 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JhcbGqkcaM&feature=related
1. What was the Great American Desert?
2. (t-f) More than one-half of the Native Americans in North America lived on the
Great Plains.
3. How many tribes made-up the Sioux Nation?
4. What were the “Six Grandfathers”?
5. How many tribes lived on the Great Plains?
6. What animal did the Plain Indians build their life and culture around?
7. What provided the food staple for Native Americans on the Great Plains?
8. Most of what the Indians need came from the ____________________.
9. (t-f) The Plans Indians were nomads.
10. (t-f) The Indians loved generosity.
11. (t-f) Indian children were treated harshly by their parents.
12. (t-f) Indian children were expected to become adults as soon as possible.
13. (t-f) Indian men only had one wife.
13. Who did most of the exhaustive work in an Indian village?
14. What act gave 160 acres of land to anyone who wanted it?
15. (t-f) Indian life revolved around warfare.
16. (t-f) Many Indian vs. Indian battles were virtually bloodless.
17. What was “The Whispering Wire”?
18. (t-f) The whites were responsible for the killing of 60 million buffalo on the
Great Plains.
19. What was the Sun Dance? / Why did the Sun Dance worry the white man?
20. What did the cross symbolize for the Native Americans?
21. What did the Native Americans want more than anything from the whites?
22. Who called a reservation “A” worthless parcel of ground.”?
23. (t-f) The free exercise of religion was denied to the Native Americans.
24. (t-f) There was talk of George Custer becoming president of the United States.
25. What happened at the Battle of Little Big Horn?
26. Why did the women cut up the dead soldiers at the Battle of Little Big Horn?
Hippocampus.org / Cattle, Cowboys and Beef Barons Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=44&topic=1&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Cattle%2C%20Cowboys%2C%20and%20Beef%20Barons&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. By the end of Civil War, how many long horn cattle roamed wild in Texas?
2. What made it possible to transport long horn cattle to the eastern market?
3. What Trail ran from central Texas to Abilene, Kansas?
4. During the decades following the Civil War, how many men were employed to herd cattle in the West?
5. (t-f) Contrary to the Hollywood film image, being a cowboy involved hard work, low pay, constant exposure to the elements, and a notable absence of many things we now consider necessities such as bathing, a change of clothes, and a diet more diverse than boiled beef and beans.
6. What dangers did cowboys encountered on cattle drives?
7. How many longhorn cattle were driven north from 1866 to 1888?
8. (t-f) The populations of Kansas and Nebraska doubled several times in the last half of the nineteenth century, greatly due to an influx of capital from the cattle drives.
9. In 1869, who was the Chicago meatpacker who shipped beef slaughtered in Chicago to Boston in an air-cooled rail car?
10. Who was “Beef Baron” to develop an efficient, factory-type meatpacking industry that employed thousands directly and supported other businesses such as feed wholesalers and leather tanners indirectly, thus becoming critically important in their regional economies?
11. What ended the cattle drive by the late 1800’s?
12. Who invented barb wire in 1873?
13. Why did cattle ranchers not like sheepherders?
14. What killed thousands of cattle on the Texas ranges from 1885-1897?
Mining Pre-Test Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=42&topic=2&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Mining&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. The mining boom got underway with the 1848 discovery of ______ in California.
2. In what year was gold was discovered near Pike’s Peak in Colorado territory?
3. Where did the final major strike of gold and silver in Colorado in the early 1890s?
4. (t-f) The Comstock Lode in Nevada is known as one of the most famous strikes in history.
5. What was James Finney’s nickname?
6. (t-f) Montana and Arizona would prove to be fertile lands for the highly demanded gold and silver.
7. (t-f) Financially, the mining industry helped fund the Civil War.
Watch Film on the West and write a page summary on what you learned about the West.
The West Film Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZKwtpFe5uw
The West Film Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cu_oMReBItc&feature=related
The West Film Part 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysnT9nRuFPk&feature=related
The Gilded Age
HippoCampus / Corruption in Business and Government Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=46&topic=2&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Corruption%20in%20Business%20and%20Government&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. (t-f) In the decades between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the twentieth century, new technologies, cheap immigrant labor, maturing methods of industrialization, and a mechanized, streamlined transportation system of railroads and steam-powered ships proved a formula for astoundingly rapid growth in the business sector.
2. What does the business approach known as “laissez-faire,” mean in French?
3. Even though Americans disliked many of the abuses they saw in business during the Gilded Age, why were they reluctant to advocate government interference?
4. (t-f) During the Gilded Age, creditors could then take everything from a person if they could not pay their debts, even the owner’s home, and turn him and his family destitute into the street.
5. What was the unscrupulous practice of interlocking directorate?
6. What was the worst scandal involving an interlocking directorate during the Gilded Age? What scandal broke during Grant’s presidency that tarnished his reputation even though most of the corruption occurred during previous administrations?
7. What scandal attempted to corner the gold market?
8. What treaty did Britain agree to pay the U.S. $15.5 million in reparations for damages done by the Southern manned, British owned ship the Alabama during the Civil War?
9. Who was the Secretary of State under the Grant Administration who also averted war with Spain by persuading Grant to remain neutral in Cuba’s struggle for independence and who negotiated the Treaty of Washington?
10. What system during the Gilded Age gave newly elected officials power to distribute favors to his friends, relatives, and political supporters?
11. (t-f) Nepotism, or giving jobs to one’s relatives, combined with patronage, or giving jobs in payment for political favors, sapped the vitality of government during the Grant Administration. Who did the newly formed Liberal Republican Party nominate for president in 1872?
12. In 1881, who won the U.S. presidency and was fatally shot just six months into his term by a lawyer named Charles J. Guiteau, who was distraught at not being given a government job?
Hippocampus / The Tweed Ring and Machine Politics Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=46&topic=1&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=The%20Tweed%20Ring%20and%20Machine%20Politics&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. Who coined the term “Gilded Age”?
2. What word carries connotations of cheap commercialization, shoddiness, and fakery?
3. (t-f) “Gilded Age” also suggests a fascination with gold itself and with the wealth and power that gold symbolizes.
4. (t-f) All interpretations of the meaning of “Gilded Age” carry an element of irony in describing an age of such extremes of wealth and poverty, opportunity and disaster, high standards and low practices, advancement and decay.
5. What was the population of the United States in 1870?
6. This new political landscape where the official government was supported and manipulated by a shadow government of bosses and associations became known as __________ politics for its ability to call out the votes “like a machine” to sponsor any political agenda.
7. What did the Tammany Hall political machine of the late 1860s and early 1870s use to bilk the city out of $200 million dollars?
8. How did William Marcy Tweed become wealthy during the Gilded Age in Chicago?
Hippocampus / Entrepreneurs Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=47&topic=2&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Entrepreneurs&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. Who launched J. Edgar Thompson Steel Works Company in 1875?
2. What is vertical integration in regards to the steel industry?
3. (t-f) By 1900, Carnegie’s company produced one quarter of the nation’s Bessemer steel.
4. Who was the investment banker who bought Carnegie’s steel holdings for over $400 million?
5. What was America’s first billion-dollar corporation?
6. Who gave approximately $350 million to public libraries, universities, hospitals, parks, meeting and concert halls, swimming pools, church buildings, and other charitable causes?
7. (t-f) Once Morgan got into the steel business, he began to eliminate all competition to create his steel monopoly.
8. Who formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, worth $1 million?
9. What was the name of the first oil well struck in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859?
10. Who controlled 95 percent of the oil refineries in United States and monopolized virtually the entire world petroleum market by the early 1900’s?
11. How much money did John D. Rockefeller donated to philanthropic endeavors throughout his lifetime?
12. (t-f) John D. Rockerfeller would temporarily lower the price of his oil and drive them out of business if they did not join his oil company.
13. Who consolidated 13 separate railroads that created the New York Central Railroad System?
14. Who consolidated the meat packing industry?
Hippocampus / Postwar Industrial Expansion Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=47&topic=1&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Postwar%20Industrial%20Expansion&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. (t-f) In the final decades of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced an industrial transformation and became an industrial and agricultural giant and the world’s greatest economic power.
2. (t-f) By 1894, the U.S. ranked seventh among the manufacturing nations of the world. What range in Minnesota’s Lake Superior region yielded huge tracts of iron ore for the steel industry?
3. What provided the cheap labor needed by the expanding industries and contributed to the growth of the U.S. economy?
4. What enabled farmers to move their produce long distances.
5. What act helped populate the “Great American Desert,” and provided cheap land for agricultural growth.
6. What huge companies divided America into four “time zones” so they could schedule trains and trade?
7. Between 1860-1890, how many patents did the Patent Office recorded?
8. Who invented barbed wire in 1873?
9. Who invented air brakes for trains in 1868?
10. Who invented the vacuum cleaner in 1869?
11. Who invented the telephone in 1876?
12. In what year did the American Telephone and Telegraph Company begin?
13. What invention by the 1890’s spurred many young, middle-class women to join the workplace?
14. Who is credited with the inventions of the phonograph, the motion picture, the storage battery, the Dictaphone, the mimeograph, and most importantly, the electric light bulb in 1879?
15. Who was called the “Wizard of Menlo Park”?
Hippocampus / Workers in America Reading Questions
http://www.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP US History II&lesson=48&topic=1&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Workers%20in%20America&skinPath=http://www.hippocampus.org/hippocampus.skins/default
1. (t-f) By 1920, nearly 20 percent of all manufacturing workers were women, and 13 percent of all textile workers were younger than 16 years old.
2. How long did most industrial laborers work a day?
3. (t-f) By the early 1900’s, the fortune that the industrial growth of the nation had generated, 50% of the profit went to workers’ wages and to improve working conditions.
4. (t-f) It was not until the 1930s that the federal government would become actively involved in regulating labor.
Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 Film Questions
Rutherfor B. Hayes Film - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pVbTZhvyjQ
1. In what year was Rutherford B. Hayes elected?
2. Who decided the outcome of the election of 1876?
3. What ended Reconstruction?
4. What two eras began in the South during his Presidency?
5. What did his wife refuse to serve in the White House?
6. What as his wife’s nickname?
7. What famous outlaw gang was captured in the West during Rutherford Hayes’ Presidency?
8. (t-f) The Hayes years were marked by dazzling leaps in technology.
9. What were two of Thomas Edison’s great inventions?
10. How large was America’s population by the end of his term?
11. What was used in America as a cheap form of labor by the end of his term?
James Garfield 1881 Film Questions
James Garfield Film - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9dlYemqFjM
1. How many ballots were cast in the election of 1880?
2. Who was the last President to be born in a log cabin?
3. What was Garfield’s rank in the military during the Civil War?
4. Who said; “No blaze of glory could ever make up for the horrors of war.”
5. Who assassinated Garfield? / Why
6. When did Garfield die?
Chester Arthur 1881-1885 Film Questions
Chester A. Arthur Film - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVtTC23Bh2Q
1. What was Arthur a symbol for to the American Public?
2. What act was the first reform of the Civil Service which established a merit system for government employees?
3. (t-f) As President, Arthur exceeded almost everyone’s expectations?
4. (t-f) Arthur was a competent President.